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The Articles of Association were petitions of grievances against Great Britain by the Thirteen Colonies and a compact among them to collectively impose economic sanctions to pressure a resolution. more...

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The Articles were drafted by the First Continental Congress in 1774 and were an important formative document in the history of the United States that perhaps hastened the American Revolution, though they were intended instead to alter Britain's policies towards the colonies without severing allegiance.

Background

The Articles of Association was one of the major accomplishments of the First Continental Congress, which convened on September 5, 1774, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the Articles were dated on October 20 of that year. Peyton Randolph, as President of the Congress, was the lead signatory.

The main impetus for both the formation of the Continental Congress and the drafting of the Articles was the passage in 1774 of the \"Intolerable Acts\". These were a series of acts passed by the British Parliament to secure greater control over the colonies and to punish them (the Massachusetts Bay Colony in particular) for rebellious behavior.

Though there had been previous \"articles of association\" circulated within some colonies that had prohibited trade with Britain, the 1774 Articles were an expression of the growing union among the Colonies against Britain and were the immediate precursor to the Declaration of Independence. The Articles served as much as a pact between the colonies themselves to recognize common problems and adhere to a common course of action as a petition against British policies. Of the original Thirteen Colonies, all were represented by the Articles except for the Province of Georgia, which did not send delegates to the Congress until 1775. The Articles refer collectively to the colonies as \"America\" (only once as \"British-America\"), and their people as \"American subjects.\"

As a sign of the desire still prevalent at the time to avoid open revolution, the Articles notably opened with a profession of allegiance to the king, and they placed the blame for \"a ruinous system of colony administration\" upon lower British officials rather than the king directly. The Articles alleged that this system was \"evidently calculated for enslaving these colonies, and, with them, the British Empire.\"

Grievances

The specific grievances set forth by the Articles were: the deprivation of the right to a jury trial; the prosecution in England for crimes committed in America; and the various penalizing acts specifically targeted upon the citizens of Boston and the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a whole—the most egregious of which was the Massachusetts Government Act, which removed all local control over governance and the courts.